A soil moisture monitoring system is a collection of devices that can detect soil moisture, read or store data, and transmit data to a computer, which can then organize, visualize, and interpret the data. The optimal water level in the soil is fundamental to plant growth. The soil moisture monitoring device is designed to evaluate and control the amount of water needed to maximize crop quality while conserving water resources during irrigation. The device is made up of a steel metal probe profile sensor, an arduino mega, a microSD card shield, a real-time clock, and a graphic display. Moisture resolution is 0.02%. The calibration can be done at any location depending on the type of soil and the first principle used.

Key Words: Soil moisture, irrigation, crop quality, plant growth

Suitable safety measures are crucial, as they are increasingly important in today's society. The findings of this research result in improvements to the current factory safety setup. The study's primary goal was to create a microcontroller-based dangerous gas (butane) detecting and alerting system. If the concentration of these gases rises over the safe threshold, an alarm will sound, and a text message (SMS) will be sent to the appropriate person via the GSM. Quicker response time and more precise identification of an emergency make this automated detection and warning system preferable to the traditional manual method.

Key Words: Hazardous gas, Robot, Arduino UNO, Gas Sensor, Butane.

Transactional databases collect large amounts of timestamped data related to an organization's customers over time. Mining these timestamped data can help business leaders make better decisions by observing their customers via their transactions collected over time. A Time series is a set of observations each one being recorded at a specific time. The most important issue in data mining is discovery of strong differences between datasets. Dong and Li. [1] are the authors that first introduce the idea of emerging patterns (EPs). EPs are a set of itemsets whose support changes significantly from one dataset to another. Emerging patterns are collections of itemsets.......

Key Words: Emerging patterns; product life cycle, trend patterns.

The purpose of this research paper is to review literature on the type of electric motors used for hybrid and electric vehicles and subsequently their efficiencies and other performance indicators. Four major variables are discussed in the paper: efficiency, battery, maintenance and types of motors. Through literature research and the significant difference that exists between the two types of vehicles, results have shown in regard to the four variables; electric vehicles stand as the best due to their efficiency, low maintenance costs, and also its type of motor, which converts much of its energy to the wheels.......

Key Words: Electric Vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric motors, types of motors.

The equilibrium selection-making is acquired with the aid of using the variational inequality method. moreover, the criteria for producers to pick among the 2 remanufacturing rules based on different factors consisting of restoration costs of the used merchandise, remanufacturing prices, and environmental effect parameters, are given. Numerical examples display the following outcomes: (1) while compared with self-remanufacturing policy, outsourcing remanufacturing coverage can shop resources, boom the sales of products, and feature a smaller environmental impact........

Key Words: remanufacturing ,self-remanufacturing ,restoration