Optical memory storage devices are introduced in this report as a promising tool in which a laser beam is utilized to save and retrieve data on optical media. The evolution of storage devices in terms of shape, structure and technology has experienced many improvements and adjustments to meet the storage capacity demand, minimize energy consumed and elongate the life time of the device to stand harsh environment such as temperature and accidents. Different design approaches are proposed for optical storage devices such as digital thin-film and difference frequency generation, where each of which has unique structure, operating theory, advantages and limitations.

Online shopping is becoming popular these days due to its benefits over the traditional way of visiting shops physically. Despite the booming of online shopping worldwide, literature indicates that there are some factors that may impede customers' online shopping behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate online purchasing perceptions among international students in China, Wuhan, which may affect online shopping behaviors. A sample of 134 Asian and African international students were recruited to complete an online questionnaire for the study.......

Keywords: Perceived risk, Perceived functionality, Perceived value, Online shopping, International students

Deep learning has substantially advanced automated interpretation of chest radiographs, yet challenges remain in achieving reliable multi-label disease detection and clinically meaningful explainability. This study proposes a hybrid deep learning framework that integrates a CNNAttention architecture, multi-label classification, and segmentation-refined Grad-CAM to improve both predictive accuracy and anatomical localization. The model is trained on the NIH ChestX-ray14 dataset and further fine-tuned on a pediatric pneumonia dataset to enhance disease-specific sensitivity........